What type of food preservation method includes freezing and canning?

Cold preservation encompasses various methods that involve lowering the temperature of food to slow down spoilage and extend shelf life. This includes freezing, where food is stored at temperatures below 0°C, causing microbial activity to decrease significantly, thus maintaining the quality and safety of the food for extended periods. Additionally, canning can be considered under cold preservation when it is combined with refrigeration practices after the canning process, although canning itself primarily relies on heat to kill microorganisms.

The effectiveness of cold preservation methods lies in their ability to halt or slow down enzymatic reactions and microbial growth, which are key factors in food degradation. By implementing these methods, food can be preserved for months or even years, making it an essential practice in food storage and safety.